soal dan Jawaban Penentuan Perubahan Entalpi berdasarkan Energi Ikatan
1. Diketahui:
Entalpi pembentukan H2O = -242 Kj / mol
Energi ikatan H – H = 436 Kj/mol
Energi ikatan O = O = 495 Kj/mol
Energi ikatan rata – rata O – H dalam air adalah……..
Jawab :
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
2 (H – H) + O = O → 2 (H – O – H )
Reaktan:
2 (H – H ) = 2 . 436 = 872 Kj/ mol
O = O = 495 Kj/ mol
Jml = 1367 Kj/mol
Produk:
4 O – H = ….
∆H = ∑E Reaktan – ∑Eproduk
-242 = 1367 – 4 (O – H )
4 ( O – H ) = 1367 + 242
4 ( O – H ) = 1609
( O – H ) = 1609 / 4
( O – H ) = 402,25 Kj / mol
2. Diketahui
: 2C + 3H2 → C2H6 ∆H = -85 Kj/mol
Energi ikatan C – C = 349 Kj/mol
Energi ikatan H – H = 436 Kj/mol
Energi penguapan C = 718 Kj/mol
Tentukan energy ikatan rata – rata C – H pada C2H6 !
Jawab :
2C + 3H2 → C2H6 ∆H = -85 Kj/mol
2C + 3H2 → C2H6 ∆H = -85 Kj/mol
H H
2C + 3(H – H) → H – C – C – H
H H
Reaktan:
2 . C = 2 . 718 = 1436
3 (H – H ) = 3 . 436 = 1.308
Jumlah : 2744 Kj/mol
Produk:
6 (C – H ) = …
C – C = 349 Kj/mol
∆H = ∑E Reaktan – ∑EProduk
-85 = 2744 – (349 + 6 . C – H )
349 + 6 .( C – H ) = 2744 + 85
349 + 6 . ( C – H ) = 2829
6 . ( C – H ) = 2829 – 349
6 . ( C – H ) = 2480
C – H = 2480 / 6
C – H = 413,3 Kj/mol
3.
Diketahiu
:
C = C = 614 KJ/Mol C – Cl = 328 KJ/Mol
C – C = 348 KJ/Mol H – Cl = 431 KJ/Mol
C – C = 413 KJ/Mol
∆Hr dari reaksi H2C=CH2 + HCl→ H2C – CH2Cl adalah….
Jawab…
H2C = CH2 + HCl → H2C – CH2 Cl
H H
H – C = C –H + H – Cl → H – C – C – Cl
H H H H
Reaktan:
∆Hr = ∑ ER – ∑ EP
= 2697 – 2841
=-144 kJ/mol
4.
Diketahiu ∆HOf NH3 (g) = – 46 KJ/Mol.
Energi ikatan N = N = 945 KJ/Mol,
H – H = 436
KJ/Mol.
Hitunglah energy ikatan rata-rata NH!
Jawab
Dik : ∆H NH3 = -46 KJ/Mol
N Ξ N = 945 KJ/Mol
H – H = 435 KJ/Mol
Dit : H – N = …..?
Reaksi: 3H2 + N2 → 2 NH3
H
3( H – H ) + N Ξ N → 2 H – N – H
∆H = ∑ER – ∑EP
-46 = 2250 – 6 ( N – H )
6 ( N – H ) = 2250 + 46
6 ( N – H ) = 2296
( N – H ) = 382,67 KJ/Mol
2 x 3 ( H – H ) = 6 ( H – H )
5.
Jika
energi ikatan rata-rata
C – C = 346 KJ/Mol C = C =598 KJ/Mol H – H = 436 KJ/Mol
C = C = 346 KJ/Mol C – H = 415 KJ/Mol
Perubahan entalpi untuk reaksi C2H4 + H2 → C2H8 Adalah….
JAWAB :
H H
H – C = C – H + H – H → H – C – C – H
H
H H H
∆H = ∑ER – ∑EP
= 2694 – 2836
= – 142 KJ/Mol
6.
Diketahui
data energy ikatan sebagai berikut (Ar C=12,H=1)
C – H = 410KJ/Mol
C = O =732 KJ/Mol
O – H = 460KJ/Mol
O = O = 489KJ/Mol
C Ξ C = 828KJ/Mol
Perubahan dan entalpi pada pembakaran 26 gram gas C2H2 menurut reaksi :
C2H2(g) + 2,5O2(g)→2CO2(g) + H2O(g) adalah….
JAWAB :
H – C Ξ C – H + 2,5 (O = O)→2 (O = C = O ) + H – O – H
∆H = ∑ER – ∑EP
= 2870,5 – 3848
` = – 977,5 KJ/Mol
Mr C2H2 = ( 12 x 2 ) + ( 2 x 1 )
= 24 + 2
= 26
Mol C2H2 = gr/Mr
= 1 Mol
∆H pembakaran 26 kg C2H2 adalah = Mol x ∆H
= 1 x (-977,5)
=-977,5
7.
Diketahui
energy ikat rata-rata sebagai berikut :
H – H = 104,2 KKal/mol
Cl – Cl = 57,8 KKal/mol
H – Cl = 103,1 KKal/mol
Kalor yang diperlukan untuk menguraikan 182,5 gr HCl (ArH=1,Cl=35,5)menjadi
unsure-unsurnya adalah….
JAWAB
2HCl→H2 + Cl2
2 H – Cl →H – H + Cl – Cl
REAKTAN
:
2 H – Cl = 2 x 103 x 1
=206
PRODUK :
H – H = 104,2
Cl – Cl = 58,8
+
= 162
∆H = ∑ER – ∑EP
= 206,2 – 162
= 44,2
Mol HCl = gr/Mr → Mr HCl = 36,5
= 182,5/36,5
= 5
Kalor yang diperlukan untuk menguraikan 182,5 gr HCl menjadi unsur-unsurnya
adalah…
∆H x HCl = 44,2 x 5
= 221 KKal
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